{"query": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "count": 20, "results": [{"id": "card_n_36048aaa9a1b", "title": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Swadesh (1950s): a language's CORE vocabulary — the 100-200 most basic words (mother,\nwater, two, hand) — is replaced at a roughly constant rate, so its loss is EXPONENTIAL:\nretention r^t with r about"}, {"id": "card_src_word_carbon_14_dating", "title": "carbon-14 dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "carbon-14 dating: (noun) a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic materials based on their content of the radioisotope carbon 14; believed to be reliable up to 40,000 years — syn: radi"}, {"id": "card_src_word_carbon_dating", "title": "carbon dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "carbon dating: (noun) a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic materials based on their content of the radioisotope carbon 14; believed to be reliable up to 40,000 years — syn: radioca"}, {"id": "card_c_122ecae2ff8b", "title": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words ↔ Radioactive decay — the exponential clock of", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "The identical decay math as carbon-14, which is why it is called linguistic dating.  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified."}, {"id": "card_c_725caaab0d02", "title": "Vocabulary decays like carbon-14", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Exponential loss with a half-life — glottochronology is the carbon-dating of words."}, {"id": "card_src_word_radiocarbon_dating", "title": "radiocarbon dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "radiocarbon dating: (noun) a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic materials based on their content of the radioisotope carbon 14; believed to be reliable up to 40,000 years — syn: ca"}, {"id": "card_c_26c735e9dff1", "title": "Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words ↔ Capacitor — the exponential clock (RC time c", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Words decay by RATIO, like atoms, like a capacitor, like everything on the exponential spine.  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified."}, {"id": "card_c_544e9ef10888", "title": "Tracing the peoples — genes and words, two c ↔ Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "shared basic vocabulary decays exponentially to 47% after five millennia — the linguistic half-life beside the genetic one  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified."}, {"id": "card_c_804625bf79f2", "title": "The linguistic clock — the comparative metho ↔ Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "glottochronology's exponential vocabulary decay gives a rough clock — 47% of basic words shared after five millennia, sealed, a ~4,595-year half-life sealed earlier.  — a concord the card itself state"}, {"id": "card_c_acce15e9c67a", "title": "The evolution of language — descent traced b ↔ Glottochronology — carbon-dating the words", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "glottochronology's constant rate is HEURISTIC — a trend, not a law  — a concord the card itself states; mined + verified."}, {"id": "card_n_cfb57dd6b005", "title": "Radioactive decay — the exponential clock of matter", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "Sealed in-domain: after one half-life exactly half remains; after two, exactly one\nquarter (2^(−2) = 1/4, exact); carbon-14's decay constant is ln2/5730 years = 3.833×10⁻¹²\nper second: https://narrowh"}, {"id": "card_src_word_radioactive_dating", "title": "radioactive dating", "shelf": "dictionary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "radioactive dating: (noun) measurement of the amount of radioactive material (usually carbon 14) that an object contains; can be used to estimate the age of the object"}, {"id": "card_src_comm_proverbs_15_26", "title": "Matthew Henry on Proverbs 15:26", "shelf": "commentary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "On Proverbs 15:26 — The former part of this verse speaks of thoughts, the latter of words, but they come all to one; for thoughts are words to God, and words are judged of by the thoughts from which t"}, {"id": "card_src_comm_proverbs_16_24", "title": "Matthew Henry on Proverbs 16:24", "shelf": "commentary", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "On Proverbs 16:24 — The pleasant words here commended must be those which the heart of the wise teaches, and adds learning to (Pro 16:23), words of seasonable advice, instruction, and comfort, words t"}, {"id": "card_n_fd479429e947", "title": "Pirkei Avot §avot_02_09: He [Rabban Yohanan] said unto them: go forth and observe which is the right w...", "shelf": "classics", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "He [Rabban Yohanan] said unto them: go forth and observe which is the right way to which a man should cleave? Rabbi Eliezer said, a good eye; Rabbi Joshua said, a good companion; Rabbi Yose said, a go"}, {"id": "card_n_770170ab1111", "title": "The linguistic clock — the comparative method dates the dispersal", "shelf": "science", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "The same history is written in the words. The comparative method reconstructs ancestral\ntongues from their daughters (sealed in the language-evolution wing), and glottochronology's\nexponential vocabul"}, {"id": "card_n_752aaf678f74", "title": "Imitation of Christ §imit_03_03: “My Son, hear My words, for My words are most sweet, surpassing all the knowl...", "shelf": "classics", "surface": "witness", "snippet": "“My Son, hear My words, for My words are most sweet, surpassing all the knowledge of the philosophers and wise men of this world. My words are spirit, and they are life,(1) and are not to be weighed b"}, {"id": "card_c_1c3706fdd2e8", "title": "The linguistic clock is read from vocabulary", "shelf": "connections", "surface": null, "snippet": "Glottochronology and the comparative method, dating the branches."}, {"id": "card_n_024000713286", "title": "Imitation of Christ §imit_04_01: The Voice of the Disciple These are Thy words, O Christ, Eternal Truth; thoug...", "shelf": "classics", "surface": "witness", "snippet": "The Voice of the Disciple These are Thy words, O Christ, Eternal Truth; though not uttered at one time nor written together in one place of Scripture. Because therefore they are Thy words and true, I "}, {"id": "card_works_element", "title": "Carbon, by definition", "shelf": "the-works", "surface": "secular", "snippet": "An element's identity is definitional, not measured: the element with six protons is carbon, symbol C. Identity, reduced to a proton count.  Worked & sealed by the engine — Z = 6 ↔ carbon (C).  [HOLDS"}]}