{"id": "card_n_9cceb80c8152", "kind": "note", "title": "Easton: Garlic", "body": "(Heb. shum, from its strong odour), mentioned only once (Num. 11:5). The garlic common in Eastern countries is the Allium sativum or Allium Ascalonicum, so called from its having been brought into Europe from Ascalon by the Crusaders. It is now known by the name of “shallot” or “eschalot.”", "source": {"label": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "url": "/characters.html?search=Garlic", "ref": "Garlic", "authority_tier": "external_aligned"}, "shelf": "dictionary", "box": "easton_concept_e_h", "bands": ["easton", "bible_dictionary", "concept"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_a01c2af58884", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_9c3b78261cda", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_spine_words", "relationship": "member_of", "evidence": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping"}, {"to_card_id": "card_ref_crop_garlic", "relationship": "names_the_created_thing", "evidence": "Scripture names “garlic”; this is its verified reference."}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T13:11:10.365375+00:00", "updated_at": "2026-05-19T19:50:28.382460+00:00", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 0, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "source_hash": "a88dfe447ff4124553821de1d4d9a6ac1bc1f4bc586c9e0264249be3f618833c", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Original 1897 publication — Thomas Nelson, London", "ref": "Easton-1897"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Project Gutenberg — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45696", "ref": "PG-45696"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Internet Archive — multiple scans", "url": "https://archive.org/details/eastonsillustra00east", "ref": "IA-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/", "ref": "CCEL-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Blue Letter Bible — searchable Easton's", "url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/easton/", "ref": "BLB-Easton"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "5 witnesses across 2 independence classes: ['manuscript_tradition', 'republication']", "surface": "secular", "call": "dictionary.easton.concept_e_h", "facets": {"dictionary": [], "concept": []}, "presentation": {"glyph": "•", "kind_label": "easton concept e h", "by": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "authority": "external_aligned", "posted": "", "standing": "", "link": {"url": "/characters.html?search=Garlic", "host": "", "provider": "", "titled": "Easton: Garlic", "waybill_line": "", "reach": "", "embed": ""}}, "neighbors": [{"id": "card_n_a01c2af58884", "title": "Easton: Hunting", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_a01c2af58884", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_n_9c3b78261cda", "title": "Easton: Hades", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_9c3b78261cda", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_spine_words", "title": "The Dictionary & Thesaurus", "relationship": "on the shelf of", "why": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping", "href": "/card/card_spine_words", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_ref_crop_garlic", "title": "Garlic — growing reference", "relationship": "names the created thing", "why": "Scripture names “garlic”; this is its verified reference.", "href": "/card/card_ref_crop_garlic", "resolved": true}]}