{"id": "card_n_2e7015b44dee", "kind": "note", "title": "Easton: Judah upon Jordan", "body": "The Authorized Version, following the Vulgate, has this rendering in Josh. 19:34. It has been suggested that, following the Masoretic punctuation, the expression should read thus, “and Judah; the Jordan was toward the sun-rising.” The sixty cities (Havoth-jair, Num. 32:41) on the east of Jordan were reckoned as belonging to Judah, because Jair, their founder, was a Manassite only on his mother’s side, but on his father’s side of the tribe of Judah (1 Chr. 2:5, 21-23).", "source": {"label": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "url": "/characters.html?search=Judah_upon_Jordan", "ref": "Judah upon Jordan", "authority_tier": "external_aligned"}, "shelf": "dictionary", "box": "easton_concept_i_l", "bands": ["easton", "bible_dictionary", "concept"], "connections": [{"to_card_id": "card_n_30931ccf98b6", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_n_2c0f10ee66d1", "relationship": "same_section", "origin": "nesting_2026_06_12"}, {"to_card_id": "card_spine_words", "relationship": "member_of", "evidence": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping"}], "author": "engine", "created_at": "2026-05-19T13:11:10.885683+00:00", "updated_at": "2026-05-19T19:50:26.909906+00:00", "visibility": "public", "lifecycle_stage": "public", "volatility": "permanent", "metrics": {"paperclips_count": 0, "helpful_count": 0, "not_helpful_count": 0, "cite_count": 0, "walks_through_count": 0, "flagged_count": 0}, "source_hash": "480e23fb38584fafc938caac1fd0648b2a911795847e4837a4f4edb8b13b4b03", "witnesses": [{"class": "manuscript_tradition", "label": "Original 1897 publication — Thomas Nelson, London", "ref": "Easton-1897"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Project Gutenberg — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/45696", "ref": "PG-45696"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Internet Archive — multiple scans", "url": "https://archive.org/details/eastonsillustra00east", "ref": "IA-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "CCEL — Easton's Bible Dictionary", "url": "https://www.ccel.org/e/easton/ebd/", "ref": "CCEL-Easton"}, {"class": "republication", "label": "Blue Letter Bible — searchable Easton's", "url": "https://www.blueletterbible.org/study/easton/", "ref": "BLB-Easton"}], "witness_status": "passed", "witness_status_reason": "5 witnesses across 2 independence classes: ['manuscript_tradition', 'republication']", "surface": "secular", "call": "dictionary.easton.concept_i_l", "facets": {"dictionary": [], "concept": []}, "presentation": {"glyph": "•", "kind_label": "easton concept i l", "by": "Matthew Easton, Illustrated Bible Dictionary (1897)", "authority": "external_aligned", "posted": "", "standing": "", "link": {"url": "/characters.html?search=Judah_upon_Jordan", "host": "", "provider": "", "titled": "Easton: Judah upon Jordan", "waybill_line": "", "reach": "", "embed": ""}}, "neighbors": [{"id": "card_n_30931ccf98b6", "title": "Easton: Jacob", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_30931ccf98b6", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_n_2c0f10ee66d1", "title": "Easton: Iron", "relationship": "same section", "why": "", "href": "/card/card_n_2c0f10ee66d1", "resolved": true}, {"id": "card_spine_words", "title": "The Dictionary & Thesaurus", "relationship": "on the shelf of", "why": "a member of the dictionary shelf in the keeping", "href": "/card/card_spine_words", "resolved": true}]}